Long a symbol of the Cold War, the Berlin Wall, erected in 1961 and eventually extending 28 miles (45 km) to divide the western and eastern sectors of Berlin, was opened by the East German government on this day in 1989.
| 1996: | | Evander Holyfield scored a technical knockout of Mike Tyson to win the heavyweight boxing championship for a third time. |
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| 1943: | | The United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration was created by a 44-nation agreement. |
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| 1938: | | Beginning on this night, called Kristallnacht (“Crystal Night” or “Night of Broken Glass”), some 48 hours of Nazi-orchestrated anti-Jewish violence erupted throughout Germany and Austria, resulting in the destruction and vandalizing of synagogues and Jewish businesses, along with the deaths of at least 91 Jews. |
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| 1923: | | | The Beer Hall Putsch led by Adolf Hitler ended after 16 Nazis were killed on a march toward the Marienplatz in the centre of Munich, Germany. |
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| 1923: | | Alice Coachman, the first African American woman to win an Olympic gold medal, was born in Albany, Georgia. |
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| 1799: | | The Coup of 18–19 Brumaire began in Paris, marking Napoleon's rise to power and the end of the French Revolution. |
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