On this day in 1191 the Muslim army of Saladin attacked the Crusaders of Richard I (the Lion-Heart) at the Battle of Ars┗f, and, though Richard successfully counterattacked in the evening, his march to Jerusalem was delayed.
| 1885: | | American poet and novelist Elinor Wylie was born in Somerville, New Jersey. |
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| 1876: | | The Younger Brothers, a group of American outlaws, were captured following an unsuccessful bank robbery. |
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| 1860: | | | Giuseppe Garibaldi entered Naples, Italy, and proclaimed himself “Dictator of the Two Sicilies.” |
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| 1822: | | Dom Pedro I declared the independence of Brazil. |
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| 1812: | | Napoleon's French forces narrowly defeated the Russians under Mikhail Illarionovich Kutuzov at the Battle of Borodino. |
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