A cathedral is a Christian church that is presided over by a bishop. Although they are often large and highly decorative, cathedrals can be of any size and decor. The cathedral first arose in Western Europe during the Middle Ages. Magnificent structures were built in towns, where many people could gather to worship. Gothic cathedrals, constructed mostly between the 12th and 15th centuries, are usually made of gray stone, feature a rose (round) window above the altar, and have tall, arched windows along the sides. The windows are often made of stained, or colored, glass. Artists and craftsmen were eager to decorate the cathedrals, which were the center of religious life and the community. Paintings and sculptures tell the stories of humankind and Christianity. Among Europe's famous cathedrals are Notre Dame in Paris, France; St. Mark's in Venice, Italy; Canterbury in England; and Cologne in Germany. In North America, notable cathedrals include St. Patrick's in New York City; Notre Dame in Montreal, Quebec; and the national cathedral in Mexico City, Mexico. |