A harbor is a deep body of water that protects boats near land. High waves and strong currents usually do not reach harbors, so boats stay safe while anchored there. Some harbors are created by surrounding land, which keeps the water calm. They are called natural harbors. Artificial, or man-made, harbors are created by structures called seawalls or breakwaters.

Where Harbors Are Found

Harbors are found along coasts around the world. Harbors are always part of a larger body of water—for example, a lake or an ocean. Curving coastlines make good places for natural harbors. Barrier islands, which run along a coast, also create natural harbors. For example, New York Harbor lies between the coast of New York and Long Island.

Harbor Uses

Harbors are useful for many purposes. Many harbors are used as ports. The main purpose of a port is the loading and unloading of boats. People ship goods of all kinds to and from the ports of the world. People also travel by boat to and from these ports. For these reasons some of the world's major cities grew around busy ports. A lively shipping trade brings much money to the city where the port is located.

Harbors are not just for big shipping vessels and cruise ships. Ferryboats dock in harbors to pick up passengers for short journeys. For example, ferries bring people to nearby islands and back. People anchor small sailboats, yachts, and speedboats in harbors, too. From there they can take their boats out into the lake or the ocean for fishing, waterskiing, and other fun. Harbors also provide homes for many kinds of birds and fish.

Harbor Dangers

Natural disasters such as earthquakes, tidal waves, floods, fires, and landslides can cause tremendous damage to harbors. Security is another major issue at harbors, especially harbors that are ports. Billions of tons of goods pass through ports each year. Security forces at ports work to stop illegal drugs and weapons from getting through. They also work to prevent terrorist attacks on ports.