Knighthood has changed greatly in the hundreds of years since the Middle Ages in Europe. The word knight comes from the Old English word cniht, which means “horseman.” The first medieval knights were warriors. They rode on horses, wore heavy armor, and fought hand-to-hand battles. Many countries in Europe and Asia had knights. Today, knighthood is a rank given to people not only for military bravery. People may also become knights for doing great work in the arts, sciences, and politics.

Background

In the Middle Ages, a knight was often a man from a good family. But his family usually had no land or fortune. He was trained to be a knight from about the age of 7. First, he served his father as a page. Pages were assistants who usually were trained in fighting, hunting, and music. Then he joined the household of a famous nobleman, or lord. There he learned to handle the sword and the lance, or spear. He was also trained to get used to the weight of heavy armor. In addition to other duties, he accompanied his lord to war and carried his shield or weapons. When his training was complete, a ceremony was held and he was given the title of knight.

Chronology

As knighthood developed, knights had more in common than just warfare. Many had the same beliefs. Most respected religion and were loyal to their lords or people in higher positions. They also fought to protect their honor and helped people in need. Knights are often associated with the Crusades. The Crusades were a series of religious battles that lasted from 1095 to 1291. During these battles, Western Christians fought Muslims to control the city of Jerusalem and other places associated with the early life of Jesus Christ.

The first orders, or organized groups, of knights came into being during this period. These orders protected and provided hospital care for Crusaders visiting holy places near places of battle. The orders also fought to spread Christianity.

Many of these orders grew in number and wealth. Many became strong political powers in the late Middle Ages.

As the Crusades came to an end, knights became less important in Europe. Weapons that could be used from long distances, such as the crossbow and the cannon, became popular. The need for people trained in hand-to-hand combat decreased. By the 16th century, knighthood became an honor that rulers could give when they wanted.

In the United Kingdom today, the title of knight is still given in a ceremony. However, the title is not only for people in the military. People who have done work in other fields may also become knights. Women may become knights too. In 1705, Isaac Newton was the first scientist to be given the respected title. Since then many famous men and women have been knighted. These include politicians, actors, actresses, and writers.