(1811–87), German theologian, born in Langenchursdorf, Saxony; educated at Univ. of Leipzig; ordained in 1837; in 1839 went with group of Saxons to Missouri and became president of the synod they founded (1847–50, 1864–78); headed Concordia Seminary, St. Louis, and taught theology (1850–87); founded conservative periodical Der Lutheraner (The Lutheran) in 1844; had high regard for biblical literalism; believed he represented classic Lutheranism; viewed by most conservative of U.S. Lutherans as spiritual father of their denomination, Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod.