(born 1923), German conductor and pianist, born in Munich; studied piano and composition at Munich Conservatory; conducting debut in Augsburg 1947; conducted in Aachen, Wiesbaden, and Cologne 1950s and 1960s; Vienna Symphony 1960–70; Hamburg Philharmonic 1961–70; Orchestre de la Suisse Romande in Geneva 1973–80; music director of Bavarian State Opera in Munich 1971– ; continued to concertize and record as pianist in chamber music and vocal recitals with artists including Elisabeth Schwarzkopf; well-received recordings of Strauss and Schubert; named to succeed Riccardo Muti as music director of Philadelphia Orchestra from 1993.