(1918–98), U.S. dancer and choreographer. Jerome Robbins was best known for his musical comedies and his innovations in classical ballet. He was born Jerome Rabinowitz in New York City. After a successful career as a Broadway dancer, Robbins staged the ballet Fancy Free in 1944; later the same year he adapted it into the musical On the Town. Some of his major works were High Button Shoes (1947), West Side Story (1957), Gypsy (1959), and Fiddler on the Roof (1964). Robbins was cowinner of the 1961 Academy award for direction for the film version of West Side Story. In 1965 he won a Tony award for direction and choreography of Fiddler on the Roof. Beginning in 1950 he choreographed many works for the New York City Ballet as associate artistic director. He later served as codirector with George Balanchine and, from 1983 to 1990, with Peter Martins. Highlights from ten hit musicals choreographed or directed by Robbins were recreated in Jerome Robbins' Broadway (1989). (See also Ballet.)