(pseudonym Charley Hart) (1837–65), U.S. soldier, born in Canal Dover, Ohio; leader of a guerrilla band, on side of the Confederacy, in Kansas and Missouri during American Civil War; taught school in Ohio and Illinois before moving to Kansas in 1857; began life of crime by 1860; put together a gang of about 450 men to rob towns with Northern sympathies; given rank of captain by Confederate army; raided Lawrence, Kan., Aug. 21, 1863, killing 150 people; later surprised and killed 90 Union soldiers at Baxter Springs, Kan.; wounded in a Kentucky raid and died in June 1865, after war's end.