(1810?–63), Native American leader of Sioux tribe born near what is now St. Paul, Minn. The First Treaty of Fort Laramie, signed in 1851 by Sioux, Cheyenne, and other tribes, assigned boundaries to the tribes as the white frontier moved westward. The Santee Sioux, which Little Crow led, gave up much of their Minnesota land with the treaty. The Native Americans became frustrated with the settlers' violations of treaties and with their own dependence on the settlers. Little Crow was part of a negotiating delegation in Washington, D.C., in 1858. But in 1862, Little Crow failed to convince his people to solve a food shortage crisis peacefully. Militants killed five settlers, and the ensuing bloody uprising killed many on both sides. Surviving members of the uprising were tried and sentenced to be hanged. President Abraham Lincoln pardoned many of those sentenced, but 62 others were hanged in 1862 in what was the largest mass execution in United States history. The Native Americans were overpowered and forced onto reservations in Dakota and Nebraska. Little Crow was killed on July 3, 1863, by settlers motivated by the 25-dollar price for Sioux scalps.