(1891–1995), U.S. pioneer publicist, born in Vienna, Austria; generally considered to have first developed the idea of the professional public relations counselor or the use of social sciences to motivate and shape the response of consumers; nephew of Sigmund Freud; moved to New York City 1892; graduated from Cornell University 1912; opened first public relations office with Doris Fleischman 1919; first clients included U.S. War Department, wanting to persuade businesses to hire returning war veterans; books included ‘Crystallizing Public Opinion' (1923), ‘Public Relations' (1952), and ‘The Engineering of Consent' (1955).