(1913–91), Nazi chief of Gestapo in Lyon, France, born near Bonn, Germany; member of Hitler Youth and special branch of SS (Schutzstaffel); promoted torture and execution of thousands of Jews and French Resistance fighters; fled to Bolivia where he lived from 1951 until his extradition in 1983 to France where he stood trial; sentenced to life imprisonment (after having been sentenced to death twice in absentia) for crimes against humanity, including deportation of 44 Jewish children and seven teachers from Izieu as well as more than 7,500 others.