historic city on Maritsa River, 135 mi (220 km) n.w. of Istanbul; grapes, wine, silk, cotton; leather products; named Adrianople for Roman Emperor Hadrian; battle of Adrianople (378), in which Visigoths defeated Roman Emperor Valens, marked beginning of Rome's decline; city fell to Turks 1361 and for nearly a century was their capital; awarded to Greece 1920; regained by Turkey 1923; pop. 39,410