The focus of the Bluegrass region of Kentucky and a major center for horse breeding, the city of Lexington was named in 1775 for the battle of Lexington, Mass. The name Lexington-Fayette is derived from the 1974 merger of the city of Lexington and Fayette County to form an urban county government. However, the city is still commonly called simply Lexington. Located in north central Kentucky, 120 miles (190 kilometers) east of Louisville, the city is surrounded by rich farmland. The American Thoroughbred Breeders Association has its headquarters in the city, and devotion to fine horses and racing is a strong interest among the local population. The University of Kentucky and Lexington Theological Seminary were founded in Lexington in 1865. There are also two business colleges in the city, along with the Lexington-Blue Grass Army Depot Headquarters and the United States Government Hospital for Narcotics Addicts. During the early 1880s Lexington called itself the Athens of the West, a reference to its cultural development, which included Transylvania College (now Transylvania University), a public subscription library, a theater, and a musical society. In 1817 the first Beethoven symphony heard in the United States was presented in Lexington. Buried in Lexington Cemetery are John C. Breckinridge, United States vice-president from 1857 to 1861; John Hunt Morgan, a Confederate general; the Todd family; and United States Senator Henry Clay. The Morgan, Mary Todd Lincoln, and Clay homes are all open to the public. A statue of the racehorse Man O'War stands in Kentucky Horse Park in Lexington. Lexington-Fayette is an important market for beef cattle, sheep, spring lambs, bluegrass seed, and loose-leaf tobacco. Bourbon whiskey, paper products, and electronic equipment are also manufactured. Lexington was chartered by the Virginia legislature in 1782 and was the meeting place for the first session of the Kentucky legislature in 1792. (See also Kentucky.) Population (1990 census) city, 225,366; metropolitan area, 348,428. |