in full  Mu?ammad Ibn A?mad Al-maqdis┤,  also called  Al-muqaddas┤ Arab traveler, geographer, and author of a noted work based on personal observations of the populations, manners, and economic life of the various inhabitants of the lands of Isl─m, A?son at-taq─s┤m fi ma?rifat al-aq─l┤m (985; “The Best of Classification for the Knowledge of Regions”).